Packet #1491854

Database ID:	1491854
Mesh Packet ID:	`0xd2a419e9` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2026-03-21 18:28:06 UTC
From Node:	Bella 8a23 (8a23)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	NODEINFO_APP Port: 4

Gateway:	Petrich (534)
Channel:	Petrich
RSSI:	-75 dBm
SNR:	14.0 dBm
Hop Info:	0/2 hops Start: 2, Limit: 2
Relay Node:	`23` 8a23 Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Long Name:	Bella 8a23
Short Name:	8a23
Node ID:	!7d908a23
MAC Address:	5wN9kIoj
Hardware:	XIAO_NRF52_KIT

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	77 bytes
Gateway:	!33688e80
Channel:	Petrich
Payload Type:	NODEINFO_APP
Hop Count:	0 / 2

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: Petrich
+ 2 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 1 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!33688e80` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`Petrich`
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (77 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`2106624547` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`NODEINFO_APP` NODEINFO_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`77` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`2` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`2` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`0` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-75.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`14.00` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1774117686` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	`83` Channel index	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`35` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	Not set	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: Petrich
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!33688e80`
Zero Hop Policy:	Enabled Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -75.0 dBm SNR: 14.00 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	NODEINFO_APP
Size:	77 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "id": "!7d908a23", "long_name": "Bella 8a23", "short_name": "8a23", "macaddr": "5wN9kIoj", "hw_model": "XIAO_NRF52_KIT" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 2106624547, "to": 4294967295, "channel": 83, "decoded": { "portnum": "NODEINFO_APP", "payload": "CgkhN2Q5MDhhMjMSCkJlbGxhIDhhMjMaBDhhMjMiBucDfZCKIyhYOAtCINrVyDydLDb6ck+3znnbh4hMPchO7Nka2NqMmX7UKgl7SAE=", "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 3533969897, "rx_time": 1774117686, "rx_snr": 14.0, "hop_limit": 2, "rx_rssi": -75, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 35, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "Petrich", "gateway_id": "!33688e80" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2106624547, "to": 4294967295, "channel": 83, "decoded": { "portnum": "NODEINFO_APP", "payload": "CgkhN2Q5MDhhMjMSCkJlbGxhIDhhMjMaBDhhMjMiBucDfZCKIyhYOAtCINrVyDydLDb6ck+3znnbh4hMPchO7Nka2NqMmX7UKgl7SAE=", "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "id": "!7d908a23", "long_name": "Bella 8a23", "short_name": "8a23", "macaddr": "5wN9kIoj", "hw_model": "XIAO_NRF52_KIT", "role": "ROUTER_LATE", "public_key": "2tXIPJ0sNvpyT7fOeduHiEw9yE7s2RrY2oyZftQqCXs=", "is_unmessagable": true, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "NODEINFO_APP", "message_class": "User" } }, "id": 3533969897, "rx_time": 1774117686, "rx_snr": 14.0, "hop_limit": 2, "rx_rssi": -75, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 35, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }

Raw Packet Data (77 bytes)

0a09213764393038613233120a42656c6c6120386132331a04386132332206e7037d908a232858380b4220dad5c83c9d2c36fa724fb7ce79db87884c3dc84eecd91ad8da8c997ed42a097b4801

Hex Analysis:

Size:	77 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

Packet #1491854 Success

Packet Information

Payload Data

Decoded Data: