Packet #1618879 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from Lionpic64a (c64a) to mobile sof (fd50)

4
Total Receptions
2
Unique Gateways
0
Hop Count
38
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 1618879
Mesh Packet ID: 0xc972b3e4
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-03-28 15:21:10 UTC
From Node: Lionpic64a (c64a)
To Node: mobile sof (fd50)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: gw stz (5ee4)
Channel: Bulgaria
RSSI: -97 dBm
SNR: 11.25 dBm
Hop Info: 0/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 2
Relay Node: 4a c64a
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 38 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: gw sof (ab40) → Lionpi0265 (0265) → GBoys_Tracker (GB)
Hop Count: 2 hops
Status: Forward complete, Return in progress
SNR Towards: 12.0 dB 0.0 dB -8.0 dB 5.5 dB
Return Path: gw stz (5ee4)
SNR Back: 11.25 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 mobile sof (fd50) gw sof (ab40) 0 m 12.0 dB Origin Hops
2 gw sof (ab40) Lionpi0265 (0265) 196.33 km 0.0 dB Relay Hops
3 Lionpi0265 (0265) GBoys_Tracker (GB) 42.31 km -8.0 dB Relay Hops
4 GBoys_Tracker (GB) Lionpic64a (c64a) Unknown 5.5 dB Destination Hops
Return Path Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 Lionpic64a (c64a) gw stz (5ee4) Unknown 11.25 dB Return Start Hops
Total Forward Distance
238.64 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

Building graph...

Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
Loading paths...
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:38 bytes
Gateway:!db2f5ee4
Channel:Bulgaria
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:0 / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 4 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !db2f5ee4
Node ID format
channel_id Bulgaria
packet MeshPacket (38 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 3195782730
Source node ID 		uint32
to 3127311696
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum TRACEROUTE_APP
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 38 bytes size
hop_limit 2
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 0
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -97.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr 11.25 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1774710161
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 37
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 74
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
  • ✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !db2f5ee4
Zero Hop Policy: Enabled
Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -97.0 dBm
SNR: 11.25 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:38 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2661264192, 3580559973, 1695050734 ], "snr_towards": [ 12.0, 0.0, -8.0, 5.5 ], "route_back": [ 3677314788 ], "snr_back": [ 11.25 ], "route_node_names": { "2661264192": "gw sof (ab40)", "3677314788": "gw stz (5ee4)", "3580559973": "Lionpi0265 (0265)", "3195782730": "Lionpic64a (c64a)", "1695050734": "GBoys_Tracker (GB)", "3127311696": "mobile sof (fd50)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 1618879, "timestamp": 1774711270.815929, "from_node_id": 3195782730, "to_node_id": 3127311696, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!db2f5ee4", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "mesh_packet_id": 3379737572, "rssi": -97, "snr": 11.25, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 38, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a0c40ab9f9e65026bd5ee6b0865120d3000e0ffffffffffffffff01161a04e45e2fdb22012d", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1774710161, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 74, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a650d4ac67bbe1550fd66ba18252a3103c390d59c4f40b3da786418eb03ed86ca63dd40293f622483332c8912471c59ced7a8c4b47bcdef74c8d2b34c25c3fac735e4b372c93d91edc769450000344148025001609fffffffffffffffff01780298014aa80101120842756c67617269611a09216462326635656534", "timestamp_str": "2026-03-28 15:21:10 UTC", "hop_count": 0, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "Lionpic64a (c64a)", "to_node_name": "mobile sof (fd50)", "relay_hex": "4a", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 3195782730, "node_name": "Lionpic64a", "hex_id": "!be7bc64a", "short_name": "c64a", "last_byte": "4a" } ], "gateway_name": "gw stz (5ee4)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 3677314788, "latitude": 42.4296448, "longitude": 25.6589824, "altitude": 207, "timestamp": 1775298617.9390447, "timestamp_str": "2026-04-04 10:30:17", "display_name": "gw stz", "long_name": "gw stz", "short_name": "5ee4", "hw_model": "HELTEC_WSL_V3" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 1618879, "from_node_id": 3195782730, "to_node_id": 3127311696, "timestamp": 1774711270.815929, "gateway_id": "!db2f5ee4", "raw_payload": "0a0c40ab9f9e65026bd5ee6b0865120d3000e0ffffffffffffffff01161a04e45e2fdb22012d", "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "Lionpic64a (c64a)", "to_node_name": "mobile sof (fd50)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2661264192, 3580559973, 1695050734 ], "snr_towards": [ 12.0, 0.0, -8.0, 5.5 ], "route_back": [ 3677314788 ], "snr_back": [ 11.25 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 3127311696, 2661264192, 3580559973, 1695050734, 3195782730 ], "node_names": [ "mobile sof (fd50)", "gw sof (ab40)", "Lionpi0265 (0265)", "GBoys_Tracker (GB)", "Lionpic64a (c64a)" ], "snr_values": [ 12.0, 0.0, -8.0, 5.5 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3127311696, "to_node_id": 2661264192, "from_node_name": "mobile sof (fd50)", "to_node_name": "gw sof (ab40)", "snr": 12.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 0.0, "from_location_timestamp": 1774711089.4211085, "to_location_timestamp": 1774689869.6840873, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 5.9h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2661264192, "to_node_id": 3580559973, "from_node_name": "gw sof (ab40)", "to_node_name": "Lionpi0265 (0265)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 196333.74648052442, "from_location_timestamp": 1774689869.6840873, "to_location_timestamp": 1774710838.5228684, "from_location_age_warning": "from 5.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 3580559973, "to_node_id": 1695050734, "from_node_name": "Lionpi0265 (0265)", "to_node_name": "GBoys_Tracker (GB)", "snr": -8.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 42307.4672353171, "from_location_timestamp": 1774710838.5228684, "to_location_timestamp": 1774711017.0418565, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 1695050734, "to_node_id": 3195782730, "from_node_name": "GBoys_Tracker (GB)", "to_node_name": "Lionpic64a (c64a)", "snr": 5.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 4 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 3195782730, 3677314788 ], "node_names": [ "Lionpic64a (c64a)", "gw stz (5ee4)" ], "snr_values": [ 11.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3195782730, "to_node_id": 3677314788, "from_node_name": "Lionpic64a (c64a)", "to_node_name": "gw stz (5ee4)", "snr": 11.25, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 1 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 3127311696, 2661264192, 3580559973, 1695050734, 3195782730, 3677314788 ], "node_names": [ "mobile sof (fd50)", "gw sof (ab40)", "Lionpi0265 (0265)", "GBoys_Tracker (GB)", "Lionpic64a (c64a)", "gw stz (5ee4)" ], "snr_values": [ 12.0, 0.0, -8.0, 5.5, 11.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3127311696, "to_node_id": 2661264192, "from_node_name": "mobile sof (fd50)", "to_node_name": "gw sof (ab40)", "snr": 12.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 0.0, "from_location_timestamp": 1774711089.4211085, "to_location_timestamp": 1774689869.6840873, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 5.9h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2661264192, "to_node_id": 3580559973, "from_node_name": "gw sof (ab40)", "to_node_name": "Lionpi0265 (0265)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 196333.74648052442, "from_location_timestamp": 1774689869.6840873, "to_location_timestamp": 1774710838.5228684, "from_location_age_warning": "from 5.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 3580559973, "to_node_id": 1695050734, "from_node_name": "Lionpi0265 (0265)", "to_node_name": "GBoys_Tracker (GB)", "snr": -8.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 42307.4672353171, "from_location_timestamp": 1774710838.5228684, "to_location_timestamp": 1774711017.0418565, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 1695050734, "to_node_id": 3195782730, "from_node_name": "GBoys_Tracker (GB)", "to_node_name": "Lionpic64a (c64a)", "snr": 5.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 3195782730, "to_node_id": 3677314788, "from_node_name": "Lionpic64a (c64a)", "to_node_name": "gw stz (5ee4)", "snr": 11.25, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 5 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": true, "forward_path_display": "mobile sof (fd50) → gw sof (ab40) → Lionpi0265 (0265) → GBoys_Tracker (GB) → Lionpic64a (c64a)", "return_path_display": "Lionpic64a (c64a) → gw stz (5ee4)", "actual_rf_path_display": "mobile sof (fd50) → gw sof (ab40) → Lionpi0265 (0265) → GBoys_Tracker (GB) → Lionpic64a (c64a) → gw stz (5ee4)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3127311696, "to_node_id": 2661264192, "from_node_name": "mobile sof (fd50)", "to_node_name": "gw sof (ab40)", "snr": 12.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 0.0, "from_location_timestamp": 1774711089.4211085, "to_location_timestamp": 1774689869.6840873, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 5.9h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2661264192, "to_node_id": 3580559973, "from_node_name": "gw sof (ab40)", "to_node_name": "Lionpi0265 (0265)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 196333.74648052442, "from_location_timestamp": 1774689869.6840873, "to_location_timestamp": 1774710838.5228684, "from_location_age_warning": "from 5.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 3580559973, "to_node_id": 1695050734, "from_node_name": "Lionpi0265 (0265)", "to_node_name": "GBoys_Tracker (GB)", "snr": -8.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 42307.4672353171, "from_location_timestamp": 1774710838.5228684, "to_location_timestamp": 1774711017.0418565, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 1695050734, "to_node_id": 3195782730, "from_node_name": "GBoys_Tracker (GB)", "to_node_name": "Lionpic64a (c64a)", "snr": 5.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3195782730, "to_node_id": 3677314788, "from_node_name": "Lionpic64a (c64a)", "to_node_name": "gw stz (5ee4)", "snr": 11.25, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "total_forward_distance": 238641.21371584153, "total_return_distance": 0 }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 3195782730, "to": 3127311696, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgxAq5+eZQJr1e5rCGUSDTAA4P//////////ARYaBOReL9siAS0=", "request_id": 228118723, "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 3379737572, "rx_time": 1774710161, "rx_snr": 11.25, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -97, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 74, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "gateway_id": "!db2f5ee4" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 3195782730, "to": 3127311696, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgxAq5+eZQJr1e5rCGUSDTAA4P//////////ARYaBOReL9siAS0=", "request_id": 228118723, "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2661264192, 3580559973, 1695050734 ], "snr_towards": [ 48, 0, -32, 22 ], "route_back": [ 3677314788 ], "snr_back": [ 45 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 3379737572, "rx_time": 1774710161, "rx_snr": 11.25, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -97, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 74, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }
Raw Packet Data (38 bytes)
0a0c40ab9f9e65026bd5ee6b0865120d3000e0ffffffffffffffff01161a04e45e2fdb22012d
Hex Analysis:
Size:38 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
gw stz (5ee4) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-97.0 dBm 11.25 dB 0 4a c64a Bulgaria 2026-03-28 15:21:10 UTC Current
0 hops (direct receptions) Gateways that heard the packet directly from the source
Lionpi0265 (0265) -1107.150s
Before 		-122.0 dBm -8.25 dB 0 80 Bulgaria 2026-03-28 15:02:43 UTC View
Lionpi0265 (0265) -1107.113s
Before 		-122.0 dBm -8.25 dB 0 80 Bulgaria 2026-03-28 15:02:43 UTC View
gw stz (5ee4) +0.036s
After 		-97.0 dBm 11.25 dB 0 4a c64a Bulgaria 2026-03-28 15:21:10 UTC View
4

Total Receptions

2

Unique Gateways