Packet #2117701 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from Nighthawk (AS) to BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)

7
Total Receptions
7
Unique Gateways
1
Hop Count
56
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2117701
Mesh Packet ID: 0xd9254381
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-04-28 14:02:59 UTC
From Node: Nighthawk (AS)
To Node: BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: TheWhiteTower (9d28)
Channel: Bulgaria
RSSI: -111 dBm
SNR: -4.75 dBm
Hop Info: 1/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 1
Relay Node: 08
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 56 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR)
Hop Count: 1 hops
Status: Forward complete, Return in progress
SNR Towards: 12.25 dB 0.0 dB -1.75 dB
Return Path: GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) → TheWhiteTower (9d28)
SNR Back: -1.5 dB -4.75 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3) BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1) Unknown 12.25 dB Origin Hops
2 BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1) Vitoshko Rele (VRR) Unknown 0.0 dB Relay Hops
3 Vitoshko Rele (VRR) Nighthawk (AS) 9.35 km -1.75 dB Destination Hops
Return Path Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 Nighthawk (AS) GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) 4.11 km -1.5 dB Return Start Hops
2 GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) TheWhiteTower (9d28) 23.48 km -4.75 dB Return End Hops
Total Forward Distance
9.35 km
Total Return Distance
27.59 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

Building graph...

Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
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Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:56 bytes
Gateway:!49b69d28
Channel:Bulgaria
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:1 / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 3 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (1 hops)
+ 1 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !49b69d28
Node ID format
channel_id Bulgaria
packet MeshPacket (56 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 821597867
Source node ID 		uint32
to 3458669088
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum TRACEROUTE_APP
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 56 bytes size
hop_limit 1
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 1
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -111.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -4.75 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1777384979
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 37
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 8
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (1 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !49b69d28
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -111.0 dBm
SNR: -4.75 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:56 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2997320592, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 12.25, 0.0, -1.75 ], "route_back": [ 2661322504, 1236704552 ], "snr_back": [ -1.5, -4.75 ], "route_node_names": { "3458669088": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "2661322504": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "1236704552": "TheWhiteTower (9d28)", "821597867": "Nighthawk (AS)", "2997320592": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "2996805976": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 2117701, "timestamp": 1777384979.972178, "from_node_id": 821597867, "to_node_id": 3458669088, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!49b69d28", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "mesh_packet_id": 3643097985, "rssi": -111, "snr": -4.75, "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 56, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a08907ba7b258a19fb2120c3100f9ffffffffffffffff011a08088fa09e289db6492214faffffffffffffffff01edffffffffffffffff01", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1777384979, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 8, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a770dab96f83015201a27ce18252a438b89409d2a159e7c0ab00ca314511040a44641e87b787fd220b5fc42341ad5a8ab26d1b0399ad7a7cbca9a66c4086ad843ef74026daf162599b37000d7d849491d4a6235814325d93d13bef06945000098c0480150016091ffffffffffffffff017802980108a80101120842756c67617269611a09213439623639643238", "timestamp_str": "2026-04-28 14:02:59 UTC", "hop_count": 1, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "Nighthawk (AS)", "to_node_name": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "relay_hex": "08", "relay_candidates": [], "gateway_name": "TheWhiteTower (9d28)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 1236704552, "latitude": 42.7640699, "longitude": 23.5723941, "altitude": 733, "timestamp": 1777533733.8163545, "timestamp_str": "2026-04-30 07:22:13", "display_name": "TheWhiteTower", "long_name": "TheWhiteTower", "short_name": "9d28", "hw_model": "HELTEC_V4" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 2117701, "from_node_id": 821597867, "to_node_id": 3458669088, "timestamp": 1777384979.972178, "gateway_id": "!49b69d28", "raw_payload": "0a08907ba7b258a19fb2120c3100f9ffffffffffffffff011a08088fa09e289db6492214faffffffffffffffff01edffffffffffffffff01", "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "Nighthawk (AS)", "to_node_name": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2997320592, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 12.25, 0.0, -1.75 ], "route_back": [ 2661322504, 1236704552 ], "snr_back": [ -1.5, -4.75 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 3458669088, 2997320592, 2996805976, 821597867 ], "node_names": [ "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "Nighthawk (AS)" ], "snr_values": [ 12.25, 0.0, -1.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3458669088, "to_node_id": 2997320592, "from_node_name": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "to_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "snr": 12.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997320592, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 821597867, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Nighthawk (AS)", "snr": -1.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 9350.322150091048, "from_location_timestamp": 1777307937.4092205, "to_location_timestamp": 1777383153.3962944, "from_location_age_warning": "from 21.4h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.5h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 3 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 821597867, 2661322504, 1236704552 ], "node_names": [ "Nighthawk (AS)", "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "TheWhiteTower (9d28)" ], "snr_values": [ -1.5, -4.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 821597867, "to_node_id": 2661322504, "from_node_name": "Nighthawk (AS)", "to_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "snr": -1.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 4110.284474671773, "from_location_timestamp": 1777383153.3962944, "to_location_timestamp": 1777758153.9636097, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.5h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 4.3d later" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2661322504, "to_node_id": 1236704552, "from_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "to_node_name": "TheWhiteTower (9d28)", "snr": -4.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 23478.66198281366, "from_location_timestamp": 1777758153.9636097, "to_location_timestamp": 1777374128.3846068, "from_location_age_warning": "from 4.3d later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.0h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 2 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 3458669088, 2997320592, 2996805976, 821597867, 2661322504, 1236704552 ], "node_names": [ "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "Nighthawk (AS)", "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "TheWhiteTower (9d28)" ], "snr_values": [ 12.25, 0.0, -1.75, -1.5, -4.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3458669088, "to_node_id": 2997320592, "from_node_name": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "to_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "snr": 12.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997320592, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 821597867, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Nighthawk (AS)", "snr": -1.75, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 9350.322150091048, "from_location_timestamp": 1777307937.4092205, "to_location_timestamp": 1777383153.3962944, "from_location_age_warning": "from 21.4h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.5h ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 821597867, "to_node_id": 2661322504, "from_node_name": "Nighthawk (AS)", "to_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "snr": -1.5, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 4110.284474671773, "from_location_timestamp": 1777383153.3962944, "to_location_timestamp": 1777758153.9636097, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.5h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 4.3d later" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 2661322504, "to_node_id": 1236704552, "from_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "to_node_name": "TheWhiteTower (9d28)", "snr": -4.75, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 23478.66198281366, "from_location_timestamp": 1777758153.9636097, "to_location_timestamp": 1777374128.3846068, "from_location_age_warning": "from 4.3d later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.0h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 5 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": true, "forward_path_display": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3) → BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Nighthawk (AS)", "return_path_display": "Nighthawk (AS) → GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) → TheWhiteTower (9d28)", "actual_rf_path_display": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3) → BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Nighthawk (AS) → GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) → TheWhiteTower (9d28)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3458669088, "to_node_id": 2997320592, "from_node_name": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "to_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "snr": 12.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997320592, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 821597867, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Nighthawk (AS)", "snr": -1.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 9350.322150091048, "from_location_timestamp": 1777307937.4092205, "to_location_timestamp": 1777383153.3962944, "from_location_age_warning": "from 21.4h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.5h ago" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 821597867, "to_node_id": 2661322504, "from_node_name": "Nighthawk (AS)", "to_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "snr": -1.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 4110.284474671773, "from_location_timestamp": 1777383153.3962944, "to_location_timestamp": 1777758153.9636097, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.5h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 4.3d later" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2661322504, "to_node_id": 1236704552, "from_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "to_node_name": "TheWhiteTower (9d28)", "snr": -4.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 23478.66198281366, "from_location_timestamp": 1777758153.9636097, "to_location_timestamp": 1777374128.3846068, "from_location_age_warning": "from 4.3d later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.0h ago" } ], "total_forward_distance": 9350.322150091048, "total_return_distance": 27588.946457485436 }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 821597867, "to": 3458669088, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgiQe6eyWKGfshIMMQD5//////////8BGggIj6CeKJ22SSIU+v//////////Ae3//////////wE=", "request_id": 1101524637, "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 3643097985, "rx_time": 1777384979, "rx_snr": -4.75, "hop_limit": 1, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -111, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 8, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "gateway_id": "!49b69d28" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 821597867, "to": 3458669088, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgiQe6eyWKGfshIMMQD5//////////8BGggIj6CeKJ22SSIU+v//////////Ae3//////////wE=", "request_id": 1101524637, "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2997320592, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 49, 0, -7 ], "route_back": [ 2661322504, 1236704552 ], "snr_back": [ -6, -19 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 3643097985, "rx_time": 1777384979, "rx_snr": -4.75, "hop_limit": 1, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -111, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 8, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }
Raw Packet Data (56 bytes)
0a08907ba7b258a19fb2120c3100f9ffffffffffffffff011a08088fa09e289db6492214faffffffffffffffff01edffffffffffffffff01
Hex Analysis:
Size:56 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
TheWhiteTower (9d28) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-111.0 dBm -4.75 dB 1 08 Bulgaria 2026-04-28 14:02:59 UTC Current
0 hops (direct receptions) Gateways that heard the packet directly from the source
GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) -0.018s
Before 		-107.0 dBm -1.50 dB 0 ab AS Bulgaria 2026-04-28 14:02:59 UTC View
1 hop Gateways that received this packet after 1 hop
TheGoldTower (Gold) -0.103s
Before 		-88.0 dBm 3.25 dB 1 08 SFGN Bulgaria 2026-04-28 14:02:59 UTC View
Vitoshko Rele (VRR) -0.073s
Before 		-77.0 dBm -2.00 dB 1 08 SFGN Bulgaria 2026-04-28 14:02:59 UTC View
2 hops Gateways that received this packet after 2 hops
Orthanc (8080) +0.109s
After 		-79.0 dBm 7.75 dB 2 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-04-28 14:03:00 UTC View
Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) +0.061s
After 		-68.0 dBm 7.50 dB 2 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-04-28 14:03:00 UTC View
BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO) +0.030s
After 		-63.0 dBm 12.25 dB 2 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-04-28 14:03:00 UTC View
7

Total Receptions

7

Unique Gateways