Packet #2462454 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4) to Bansko NW gw 🏢🔌🛜 (Bns3)

10
Total Receptions
10
Unique Gateways
1
Hop Count
23
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2462454
Mesh Packet ID: 0xb5eaacbc
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-05-19 07:12:35 UTC
From Node: Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)
To Node: Bansko NW gw 🏢🔌🛜 (Bns3)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: Bin Hop (BCBH)
Channel: Sofia
RSSI: -83 dBm
SNR: 10.25 dBm
Hop Info: 1/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 1
Relay Node: c0 GERE
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 23 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)
Hop Count: 1 hops
Status: Incomplete - Final destination not reached
SNR Towards: -6.0 dB 4.5 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4) Vitoshko Rele (VRR) 11.56 km -6.0 dB Origin Hops
2 Vitoshko Rele (VRR) Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) 12.60 km 4.5 dB Relay Hops
Traceroute incomplete - Final destination not reached
Total Forward Distance
24.16 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

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Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
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Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:23 bytes
Gateway:!16ced4dc
Channel:Sofia
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:1 / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 3 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (1 hops)
+ 1 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !16ced4dc
Node ID format
channel_id Sofia
packet MeshPacket (23 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 2997326444
Source node ID 		uint32
to 3665028108
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum TRACEROUTE_APP
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 23 bytes size
hop_limit 1
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 1
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -83.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr 10.25 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1779174754
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 80
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 192
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Sofia
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (1 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !16ced4dc
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -83.0 dBm
SNR: 10.25 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:23 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "snr_towards": [ -6.0, 4.5 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [], "route_node_names": { "2996805976": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "2997326444": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "3665028108": "Bansko NW gw 🏢🔌🛜 (Bns3)", "2997305536": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 2462454, "timestamp": 1779174755.323886, "from_node_id": 2997326444, "to_node_id": 3665028108, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!16ced4dc", "channel_id": "Sofia", "mesh_packet_id": 3052055740, "rssi": -83, "snr": 10.25, "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 23, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a0858a19fb2c040a7b2120be8ffffffffffffffff0112", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1779174754, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 192, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a540d6c92a7b2150ce473da18502a1f8bff62832bd4429ced0283c5fc0728fd1fe016234e6b09f010085ce89c951935bcaceab53d620d0c6a45000024414801500160adffffffffffffffff0178029801c001a801011205536f6669611a09213136636564346463", "timestamp_str": "2026-05-19 07:12:35 UTC", "hop_count": 1, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "to_node_name": "Bansko NW gw 🏢🔌🛜 (Bns3)", "relay_hex": "c0", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 2997305536, "node_name": "Gerena (R+GW)", "hex_id": "!b2a740c0", "short_name": "GERE", "last_byte": "c0" } ], "gateway_name": "Bin Hop (BCBH)", "gateway_location": null }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 2462454, "from_node_id": 2997326444, "to_node_id": 3665028108, "timestamp": 1779174755.323886, "gateway_id": "!16ced4dc", "raw_payload": "0a0858a19fb2c040a7b2120be8ffffffffffffffff0112", "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "to_node_name": "!da73e40c", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "snr_towards": [ -6.0, 4.5 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward", "node_ids": [ 2997326444, 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "node_names": [ "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)" ], "snr_values": [ -6.0, 4.5 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2997326444, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": -6.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 11557.915193070148, "from_location_timestamp": 1779174739.1237268, "to_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 10.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 4.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12597.635762800475, "from_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "to_location_timestamp": 1779147145.831937, "from_location_age_warning": "from 10.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 2 }, "return_path": null, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "forward_rf", "node_ids": [ 2997326444, 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "node_names": [ "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)" ], "snr_values": [ -6.0, 4.5 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2997326444, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": -6.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 11557.915193070148, "from_location_timestamp": 1779174739.1237268, "to_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 10.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 4.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12597.635762800475, "from_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "to_location_timestamp": 1779147145.831937, "from_location_age_warning": "from 10.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 2 } }, "has_return_path": false, "is_complete": false, "forward_path_display": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "return_path_display": null, "actual_rf_path_display": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2997326444, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": -6.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 11557.915193070148, "from_location_timestamp": 1779174739.1237268, "to_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 10.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 4.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12597.635762800475, "from_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "to_location_timestamp": 1779147145.831937, "from_location_age_warning": "from 10.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago" } ], "return_hops": [], "total_forward_distance": 24155.550955870625, "total_return_distance": null }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 2997326444, "to": 3665028108, "channel": 80, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CghYoZ+ywECnshIL6P//////////ARI=", "want_response": true, "bitfield": 3 }, "id": 3052055740, "rx_time": 1779174754, "rx_snr": 10.25, "hop_limit": 1, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -83, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 192, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "Sofia", "gateway_id": "!16ced4dc" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2997326444, "to": 3665028108, "channel": 80, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CghYoZ+ywECnshIL6P//////////ARI=", "want_response": true, "bitfield": 3, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "snr_towards": [ -24, 18 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 3052055740, "rx_time": 1779174754, "rx_snr": 10.25, "hop_limit": 1, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -83, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 192, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }
Raw Packet Data (23 bytes)
0a0858a19fb2c040a7b2120be8ffffffffffffffff0112
Hex Analysis:
Size:23 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
Bin Hop (BCBH) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-83.0 dBm 10.25 dB 1 c0 GERE Sofia 2026-05-19 07:12:35 UTC Current
0 hops (direct receptions) Gateways that heard the packet directly from the source
LZ1MMH-R 🇧🇬 🏠 (MMH0) +0.069s
After 		-109.0 dBm 7.75 dB 0 58 VRR Sofia 2026-05-19 07:12:35 UTC View
SofiaRedutaSG (SFRD) -0.069s
Before 		-96.0 dBm -1.25 dB 0 58 VRR Sofia 2026-05-19 07:12:35 UTC View
PAN GW (PAGW) -0.353s
Before 		-88.0 dBm 2.75 dB 0 58 VRR Sofia 2026-05-19 07:12:34 UTC View
TheGoldTower (Gold) -0.494s
Before 		-92.0 dBm 2.00 dB 0 6c MiV4 Sofia 2026-05-19 07:12:34 UTC View
GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) +0.139s
After 		-96.0 dBm 7.50 dB 0 6c MiV4 Sofia 2026-05-19 07:12:35 UTC View
Vitoshko Rele (VRR) -0.429s
Before 		-78.0 dBm -6.00 dB 0 6c MiV4 Sofia 2026-05-19 07:12:34 UTC View
BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) -0.210s
Before 		-62.0 dBm 12.50 dB 0 58 VRR Sofia 2026-05-19 07:12:35 UTC View
Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) -0.140s
Before 		-72.0 dBm 4.50 dB 0 58 VRR Sofia 2026-05-19 07:12:35 UTC View
BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO) -0.285s
Before 		-66.0 dBm -2.25 dB 0 58 VRR Sofia 2026-05-19 07:12:35 UTC View
10

Total Receptions

10

Unique Gateways