Packet #2503249

Packet Information

Database ID:	2503249
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x4e65b03d` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2026-05-23 14:20:10 UTC
From Node:	metala K9 (mk9)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	AUDIO_APP Port: 9

Gateway:	m-base-a (mb-a)
Channel:	Bulgaria
RSSI:	-59 dBm
SNR:	11.75 dBm
Hop Info:	0/2 hops Start: 2, Limit: 2
Relay Node:	`0c` mbm2 Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Payload Data

Protocol: AUDIO_APP

Size: 156 bytes

Decoded: No

No decoder available for AUDIO_APP

Text Content:

c0dec208347cf1b0f389b1a09beff1a09b99f1b0b88f35b0dd622da09bfe6d90f3fde57093a061a086a49d2086ffa19093cfa280868dd560b6669590fe5114c0ec3951a093b20520eea565a08b192da0b1c9b990b1d37980210db970dfa1b160cd5df9709cba35609c8db16056def1606bbc2940e543d8a0441f1e5093d2e1703e78ed50ca9a6d3077f56560939921f0cab9665093ffa22093951d40

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	156 bytes
Gateway:	!a2e96b40
Channel:	Bulgaria
Payload Type:	AUDIO_APP
Hop Count:	0 / 2

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
+ 2 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 1 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!a2e96b40` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`Bulgaria`
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (156 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`2324897948` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`AUDIO_APP` AUDIO_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`156` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`2` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`2` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`0` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-59.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`11.75` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1779546009` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	`37` Channel index	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`12` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	Not set	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!a2e96b40`
Zero Hop Policy:	Enabled Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -59.0 dBm SNR: 11.75 dB

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 2324897948, "to": 4294967295, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "AUDIO_APP", "payload": "wN7CCDR88bDzibGgm+/xoJuZ8bC4jzWw3WItoJv+bZDz/eVwk6BhoIaknSCG/6GQk8+igIaN1WC2ZpWQ/lEUwOw5UaCTsgUg7qVloIsZLaCxybmQsdN5gCENuXDfobFgzV35cJy6NWCcjbFgVt7xYGu8KUDlQ9igRB8eUJPS4XA+eO1QypptMHf1ZWCTmSHwyrlmUJP/oiCTlR1A", "reply_id": 1315287100, "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 1315287101, "rx_time": 1779546009, "rx_snr": 11.75, "hop_limit": 2, "rx_rssi": -59, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 12, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "gateway_id": "!a2e96b40" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2324897948, "to": 4294967295, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "AUDIO_APP", "payload": "wN7CCDR88bDzibGgm+/xoJuZ8bC4jzWw3WItoJv+bZDz/eVwk6BhoIaknSCG/6GQk8+igIaN1WC2ZpWQ/lEUwOw5UaCTsgUg7qVloIsZLaCxybmQsdN5gCENuXDfobFgzV35cJy6NWCcjbFgVt7xYGu8KUDlQ9igRB8eUJPS4XA+eO1QypptMHf1ZWCTmSHwyrlmUJP/oiCTlR1A", "reply_id": 1315287100, "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "raw_bytes": "c0dec208347cf1b0f389b1a09beff1a09b99f1b0b88f35b0dd622da09bfe6d90f3fde57093a061a086a49d2086ffa19093cfa280868dd560b6669590fe5114c0ec3951a093b20520eea565a08b192da0b1c9b990b1d37980210db970dfa1b160cd5df9709cba35609c8db16056def1606bbc2940e543d8a0441f1e5093d2e1703e78ed50ca9a6d3077f56560939921f0cab9665093ffa22093951d40", "type": "unknown_or_custom", "portnum": "AUDIO_APP", "note": "No decoder available for AUDIO_APP" } }, "id": 1315287101, "rx_time": 1779546009, "rx_snr": 11.75, "hop_limit": 2, "rx_rssi": -59, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 12, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }

Raw Packet Data (156 bytes)

Hex Analysis:

Size:	156 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

All Receptions

All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID

Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.

Gateway	Time Offset	RSSI	SNR	Hops	Relay	Channel	Timestamp	Actions
m-base-a (mb-a) Primary	0.000s Reference	-59.0 dBm	11.75 dB	0	`0c` mbm2	Bulgaria	2026-05-23 14:20:10 UTC	Current
0 hops (direct receptions) Gateways that heard the packet directly from the source
m-base-v4 (mbv4)	+0.104s After	-61.0 dBm	7.25 dB	0	`0c` mbm2	Bulgaria	2026-05-23 14:20:10 UTC	View
m-base-a (mb-a)	+0.032s After	-59.0 dBm	11.75 dB	0	`0c` mbm2	Bulgaria	2026-05-23 14:20:10 UTC	View
m-base-o (mb-o)	+0.301s After	-105.0 dBm	-6.25 dB	0	`0c`	Bulgaria	2026-05-23 14:20:10 UTC	View

4

Total Receptions

3

Unique Gateways

Packet #2503249 Success