Packet #1729285

Database ID:	1729285
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x437ee052` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2026-04-03 23:00:17 UTC
From Node:	Vratsa Telegram Bot 🇧🇬🤖🛰️ (VRTB)
To Node:	web-bot (wbot)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	TELEMETRY_APP Port: 67

Gateway:	Vratsa HV4-2 🇧🇬 ba48 (VRH4)
Channel:	Bulgaria
RSSI:	-16 dBm
SNR:	13.0 dBm
Hop Info:	0/2 hops Start: 2, Limit: 2
Relay Node:	`f8` VRTB , VRWX Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Battery:	101%
Channel Usage:	2.2%
Air Util TX:	0.1%

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	28 bytes
Gateway:	!6982ba48
Channel:	Bulgaria
Payload Type:	TELEMETRY_APP
Hop Count:	0 / 2

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Direct Message

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Targeted to specific node
+ 3 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!6982ba48` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`Bulgaria`
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (28 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`600925432` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4007575066` Target node ID	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`TELEMETRY_APP` TELEMETRY_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`28` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`2` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`2` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`0` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-16.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`13.00` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1775257216` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	`37` Channel index	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`248` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	Not set	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Targeted to specific node
✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!6982ba48`
Zero Hop Policy:	Enabled Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -16.0 dBm SNR: 13.00 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	TELEMETRY_APP
Size:	28 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "time": 1775257215, "device_metrics": { "battery_level": 101, "voltage": 0.0, "channel_utilization": 2.2283332, "air_util_tx": 0.11822223, "uptime_seconds": 82732 } }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 600925432, "to": 4007575066, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TELEMETRY_APP", "payload": "DX9G0GkSFQhlFQAAAAAdA50OQCV/HvI9KKyGBQ==", "request_id": 2346473583, "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 1132388434, "rx_time": 1775257216, "rx_snr": 13.0, "hop_limit": 2, "rx_rssi": -16, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 248, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "gateway_id": "!6982ba48" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 600925432, "to": 4007575066, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TELEMETRY_APP", "payload": "DX9G0GkSFQhlFQAAAAAdA50OQCV/HvI9KKyGBQ==", "request_id": 2346473583, "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "time": 1775257215, "device_metrics": { "battery_level": 101, "voltage": 0.0, "channel_utilization": 2.2283332, "air_util_tx": 0.11822223, "uptime_seconds": 82732 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TELEMETRY_APP", "message_class": "Telemetry" } }, "id": 1132388434, "rx_time": 1775257216, "rx_snr": 13.0, "hop_limit": 2, "rx_rssi": -16, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 248, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }

Raw Packet Data (28 bytes)

0d7f46d0691215086515000000001d039d0e40257f1ef23d28ac8605

Hex Analysis:

Size:	28 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

Packet #1729285 Success

Packet Information

Payload Data

Decoded Data:

Device Metrics: