Packet #1778801 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from LZ2PAJ (Nik) to 3.146c (146c)

2
Total Receptions
2
Unique Gateways
0
Hop Count
38
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 1778801
Mesh Packet ID: 0x6fe223e1
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-04-06 20:23:25 UTC
From Node: LZ2PAJ (Nik)
To Node: 3.146c (146c)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: Bin Cho (BCGW)
Channel: Bulgaria
RSSI: -100 dBm
SNR: 2.75 dBm
Hop Info: 0/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 2
Relay Node: 84 Nik
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 38 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: Bin Cho (BCGW) → BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR)
Hop Count: 2 hops
Status: Complete
SNR Towards: -6.0 dB -3.5 dB 4.5 dB 2.5 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 LZ2PAJ (Nik) Bin Cho (BCGW) 7.38 km -6.0 dB Origin Hops
2 Bin Cho (BCGW) BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) Unknown -3.5 dB Relay Hops
3 BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) Vitoshko Rele (VRR) Unknown 4.5 dB Destination Hops
Total Forward Distance
7.38 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

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Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
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Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:38 bytes
Gateway:!d45a9d14
Channel:Bulgaria
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:0 / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 4 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !d45a9d14
Node ID format
channel_id Bulgaria
packet MeshPacket (38 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 2794857604
Source node ID 		uint32
to 2661160044
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum TRACEROUTE_APP
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 38 bytes size
hop_limit 2
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 0
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -100.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr 2.75 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1775507005
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 37
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 132
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
  • ✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !d45a9d14
Zero Hop Policy: Enabled
Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -100.0 dBm
SNR: 2.75 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:38 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 3562708244, 2997301288, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ -6.0, -3.5, 4.5, 2.5 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [], "route_node_names": { "2794857604": "LZ2PAJ (Nik)", "2997301288": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "2661160044": "3.146c (146c)", "3562708244": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "2996805976": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 1778801, "timestamp": 1775507005.7403963, "from_node_id": 2794857604, "to_node_id": 2661160044, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "mesh_packet_id": 1877091297, "rssi": -100, "snr": 2.75, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 38, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a0c149d5ad42830a7b258a19fb21216e8ffffffffffffffff01f2ffffffffffffffff01120a", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1775507005, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 132, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a660d842496a6156c149e9e18252a31194f6374ca5f71b3d8cad5c946a8806cb0d92f0c150e6b4cdc1f4ddc85b1f7e9228911435b98131728a794406e00598c6135e123e26f3d3d16d469450000304048025001609cffffffffffffffff01780298018401a80101120842756c67617269611a09216434356139643134", "timestamp_str": "2026-04-06 20:23:25 UTC", "hop_count": 0, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "LZ2PAJ (Nik)", "to_node_name": "3.146c (146c)", "relay_hex": "84", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 2794857604, "node_name": "LZ2PAJ", "hex_id": "!a6962484", "short_name": "Nik", "last_byte": "84" } ], "gateway_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 3562708244, "latitude": 42.6102784, "longitude": 23.3312256, "altitude": 900, "timestamp": 1775593353.5717773, "timestamp_str": "2026-04-07 20:22:33", "display_name": "Bin Cho", "long_name": "Bin Cho", "short_name": "BCGW", "hw_model": "SEEED_XIAO_S3" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 1778801, "from_node_id": 2794857604, "to_node_id": 2661160044, "timestamp": 1775507005.7403963, "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14", "raw_payload": "0a0c149d5ad42830a7b258a19fb21216e8ffffffffffffffff01f2ffffffffffffffff01120a", "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "LZ2PAJ (Nik)", "to_node_name": "3.146c (146c)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 3562708244, 2997301288, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ -6.0, -3.5, 4.5, 2.5 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward", "node_ids": [ 2794857604, 3562708244, 2997301288, 2996805976 ], "node_names": [ "LZ2PAJ (Nik)", "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)" ], "snr_values": [ -6.0, -3.5, 4.5, 2.5 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2794857604, "to_node_id": 3562708244, "from_node_name": "LZ2PAJ (Nik)", "to_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "snr": -6.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 7377.601299574379, "from_location_timestamp": 1773101450.0184062, "to_location_timestamp": 1775490808.9958365, "from_location_age_warning": "from 4.0w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 4.5h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3562708244, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": -3.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 4.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 3 }, "return_path": null, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "forward_rf", "node_ids": [ 2661160044, 3562708244, 2997301288, 2996805976, 2794857604 ], "node_names": [ "3.146c (146c)", "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "LZ2PAJ (Nik)" ], "snr_values": [ -6.0, -3.5, 4.5, 2.5 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2661160044, "to_node_id": 3562708244, "from_node_name": "3.146c (146c)", "to_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "snr": -6.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3562708244, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": -3.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 4.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2794857604, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "LZ2PAJ (Nik)", "snr": 2.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12373.249108776785, "from_location_timestamp": 1775489250.8427157, "to_location_timestamp": 1773101450.0184062, "from_location_age_warning": "from 4.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 4.0w ago" } ], "is_complete": true, "total_hops": 4 } }, "has_return_path": false, "is_complete": true, "forward_path_display": "LZ2PAJ (Nik) → Bin Cho (BCGW) → BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "return_path_display": null, "actual_rf_path_display": "3.146c (146c) → Bin Cho (BCGW) → BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → LZ2PAJ (Nik)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2794857604, "to_node_id": 3562708244, "from_node_name": "LZ2PAJ (Nik)", "to_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "snr": -6.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 7377.601299574379, "from_location_timestamp": 1773101450.0184062, "to_location_timestamp": 1775490808.9958365, "from_location_age_warning": "from 4.0w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 4.5h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3562708244, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": -3.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 4.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "return_hops": [], "total_forward_distance": 7377.601299574379, "total_return_distance": null }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 2794857604, "to": 2661160044, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgwUnVrUKDCnslihn7ISFuj//////////wHy//////////8BEgo=", "request_id": 1998391251, "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 1877091297, "rx_time": 1775507005, "rx_snr": 2.75, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -100, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 132, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2794857604, "to": 2661160044, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgwUnVrUKDCnslihn7ISFuj//////////wHy//////////8BEgo=", "request_id": 1998391251, "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 3562708244, 2997301288, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ -24, -14, 18, 10 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 1877091297, "rx_time": 1775507005, "rx_snr": 2.75, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -100, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 132, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }
Raw Packet Data (38 bytes)
0a0c149d5ad42830a7b258a19fb21216e8ffffffffffffffff01f2ffffffffffffffff01120a
Hex Analysis:
Size:38 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
Bin Cho (BCGW) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-100.0 dBm 2.75 dB 0 84 Nik Bulgaria 2026-04-06 20:23:25 UTC Current
0 hops (direct receptions) Gateways that heard the packet directly from the source
Vitoshko Rele (VRR) +0.043s
After 		-70.0 dBm 3.25 dB 0 84 Nik Bulgaria 2026-04-06 20:23:25 UTC View
2

Total Receptions

2

Unique Gateways