Packet #1709895 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4) to LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm)

4
Total Receptions
4
Unique Gateways
0
Hop Count
33
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 1709895
Mesh Packet ID: 0x03c5b60e
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-04-02 19:07:12 UTC
From Node: Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)
To Node: LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: Bin Cho (BCGW)
Channel: Sofia
RSSI: -110 dBm
SNR: -9.0 dBm
Hop Info: 0/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 2
Relay Node: 08 SFGN
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 33 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR)
Hop Count: 1 hops
Status: Forward complete, Return in progress
SNR Towards: 13.25 dB 0.0 dB 5.25 dB
Return Path: GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)
SNR Back: -5.25 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm) LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0) Unknown 13.25 dB Origin Hops
2 LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0) Vitoshko Rele (VRR) 7.86 km 0.0 dB Relay Hops
3 Vitoshko Rele (VRR) Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4) 11.58 km 5.25 dB Destination Hops
Return Path Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4) GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) 1.53 km -5.25 dB Return Start Hops
Total Forward Distance
19.44 km
Total Return Distance
1.53 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

Building graph...

Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
Loading paths...
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:33 bytes
Gateway:!d45a9d14
Channel:Sofia
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:0 / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 4 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !d45a9d14
Node ID format
channel_id Sofia
packet MeshPacket (33 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 2925567172
Source node ID 		uint32
to 3488046996
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum TRACEROUTE_APP
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 33 bytes size
hop_limit 2
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 0
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -110.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -9.00 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1775156831
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 80
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 8
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Sofia
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
  • ✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !d45a9d14
Zero Hop Policy: Enabled
Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -110.0 dBm
SNR: -9.00 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:33 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2997329312, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 13.25, 0.0, 5.25 ], "route_back": [ 2661322504 ], "snr_back": [ -5.25 ], "route_node_names": { "2997329312": "LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0)", "2925567172": "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "2661322504": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "3488046996": "LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm)", "2996805976": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 1709895, "timestamp": 1775156832.1719413, "from_node_id": 2925567172, "to_node_id": 3488046996, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14", "channel_id": "Sofia", "mesh_packet_id": 63288846, "rssi": -110, "snr": -9.0, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 33, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a08a09da7b258a19fb212033500151a04088fa09e220aebffffffffffffffff01", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1775156831, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 8, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a600dc49c60ae15945fe7cf18502a2ce92f843f7750dde4008ff80ef609ced673fdfb4d42ea05e85f0ff3feb70c65773bf4c01e28d9ba9f656a17a3350eb6c5033d5fbece6945000010c1480250016092ffffffffffffffff017802980108a801011205536f6669611a09216434356139643134", "timestamp_str": "2026-04-02 19:07:12 UTC", "hop_count": 0, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "to_node_name": "LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm)", "relay_hex": "08", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 2661322504, "node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️", "hex_id": "!9ea08f08", "short_name": "SFGN", "last_byte": "08" } ], "gateway_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 3562708244, "latitude": 42.6102784, "longitude": 23.3312256, "altitude": 900, "timestamp": 1775490808.9958365, "timestamp_str": "2026-04-06 15:53:28", "display_name": "Bin Cho", "long_name": "Bin Cho", "short_name": "BCGW", "hw_model": "SEEED_XIAO_S3" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 1709895, "from_node_id": 2925567172, "to_node_id": 3488046996, "timestamp": 1775156832.1719413, "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14", "raw_payload": "0a08a09da7b258a19fb212033500151a04088fa09e220aebffffffffffffffff01", "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "to_node_name": "LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2997329312, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 13.25, 0.0, 5.25 ], "route_back": [ 2661322504 ], "snr_back": [ -5.25 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 3488046996, 2997329312, 2996805976, 2925567172 ], "node_names": [ "LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm)", "LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)" ], "snr_values": [ 13.25, 0.0, 5.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3488046996, "to_node_id": 2997329312, "from_node_name": "LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm)", "to_node_name": "LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0)", "snr": 13.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997329312, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 7861.833613138968, "from_location_timestamp": 1775088625.697717, "to_location_timestamp": 1775146583.9527311, "from_location_age_warning": "from 18.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 2.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2925567172, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "snr": 5.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 11575.866224118243, "from_location_timestamp": 1775146583.9527311, "to_location_timestamp": 1774883259.0886402, "from_location_age_warning": "from 2.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.2d ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 3 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 2925567172, 2661322504 ], "node_names": [ "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)" ], "snr_values": [ -5.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2925567172, "to_node_id": 2661322504, "from_node_name": "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "to_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "snr": -5.25, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 1530.4526886249944, "from_location_timestamp": 1774883259.0886402, "to_location_timestamp": 1775156689.1426919, "from_location_age_warning": "from 3.2d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 1 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 3488046996, 2997329312, 2996805976, 2925567172, 2661322504 ], "node_names": [ "LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm)", "LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)" ], "snr_values": [ 13.25, 0.0, 5.25, -5.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3488046996, "to_node_id": 2997329312, "from_node_name": "LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm)", "to_node_name": "LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0)", "snr": 13.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997329312, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 7861.833613138968, "from_location_timestamp": 1775088625.697717, "to_location_timestamp": 1775146583.9527311, "from_location_age_warning": "from 18.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 2.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2925567172, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "snr": 5.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 11575.866224118243, "from_location_timestamp": 1775146583.9527311, "to_location_timestamp": 1774883259.0886402, "from_location_age_warning": "from 2.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.2d ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 2925567172, "to_node_id": 2661322504, "from_node_name": "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "to_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "snr": -5.25, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 1530.4526886249944, "from_location_timestamp": 1774883259.0886402, "to_location_timestamp": 1775156689.1426919, "from_location_age_warning": "from 3.2d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 4 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": true, "forward_path_display": "LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm) → LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "return_path_display": "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4) → GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "actual_rf_path_display": "LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm) → LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4) → GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3488046996, "to_node_id": 2997329312, "from_node_name": "LZ1DBM T1000-E (1dBm)", "to_node_name": "LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0)", "snr": 13.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997329312, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "LZ1DBM 9da0 (9da0)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 7861.833613138968, "from_location_timestamp": 1775088625.697717, "to_location_timestamp": 1775146583.9527311, "from_location_age_warning": "from 18.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 2.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2925567172, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "snr": 5.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 11575.866224118243, "from_location_timestamp": 1775146583.9527311, "to_location_timestamp": 1774883259.0886402, "from_location_age_warning": "from 2.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.2d ago" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2925567172, "to_node_id": 2661322504, "from_node_name": "Yagi-SAW-Seeed-LN9 (9cc4)", "to_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "snr": -5.25, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 1530.4526886249944, "from_location_timestamp": 1774883259.0886402, "to_location_timestamp": 1775156689.1426919, "from_location_age_warning": "from 3.2d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago" } ], "total_forward_distance": 19437.699837257212, "total_return_distance": 1530.4526886249944 }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 2925567172, "to": 3488046996, "channel": 80, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgignaeyWKGfshIDNQAVGgQIj6CeIgrr//////////8B", "request_id": 1832163090, "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 63288846, "rx_time": 1775156831, "rx_snr": -9.0, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -110, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 8, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "Sofia", "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2925567172, "to": 3488046996, "channel": 80, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgignaeyWKGfshIDNQAVGgQIj6CeIgrr//////////8B", "request_id": 1832163090, "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2997329312, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 53, 0, 21 ], "route_back": [ 2661322504 ], "snr_back": [ -21 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 63288846, "rx_time": 1775156831, "rx_snr": -9.0, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -110, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 8, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }
Raw Packet Data (33 bytes)
0a08a09da7b258a19fb212033500151a04088fa09e220aebffffffffffffffff01
Hex Analysis:
Size:33 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
Bin Cho (BCGW) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-110.0 dBm -9.00 dB 0 08 SFGN Sofia 2026-04-02 19:07:12 UTC Current
0 hops (direct receptions) Gateways that heard the packet directly from the source
GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) -0.156s
Before 		-115.0 dBm -5.25 dB 0 c4 a8c4 , 9cc4 Sofia 2026-04-02 19:07:12 UTC View
Vitoshko Rele (VRR) -0.057s
Before 		-75.0 dBm -3.50 dB 0 08 SFGN Sofia 2026-04-02 19:07:12 UTC View
Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) -0.017s
Before 		-85.0 dBm -5.25 dB 0 08 SFGN Sofia 2026-04-02 19:07:12 UTC View
4

Total Receptions

4

Unique Gateways