Packet #2461930 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4) to m-base-x (mb-x)

11
Total Receptions
11
Unique Gateways
1
Hop Count
23
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2461930
Mesh Packet ID: 0xb5eaaca1
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC
From Node: Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)
To Node: m-base-x (mb-x)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: Bin Cho (BCGW)
Channel: Bulgaria
RSSI: -102 dBm
SNR: -9.0 dBm
Hop Info: 1/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 1
Relay Node: c0 GERE
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 23 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)
Hop Count: 1 hops
Status: Incomplete - Final destination not reached
SNR Towards: -3.25 dB 5.0 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4) Vitoshko Rele (VRR) 11.31 km -3.25 dB Origin Hops
2 Vitoshko Rele (VRR) Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) 12.60 km 5.0 dB Relay Hops
Traceroute incomplete - Final destination not reached
Total Forward Distance
23.91 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

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Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
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Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:23 bytes
Gateway:!d45a9d14
Channel:Bulgaria
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:1 / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 3 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (1 hops)
+ 1 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !d45a9d14
Node ID format
channel_id Bulgaria
packet MeshPacket (23 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 2997326444
Source node ID 		uint32
to 501865472
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum TRACEROUTE_APP
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 23 bytes size
hop_limit 1
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 1
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -102.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -9.00 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1779170766
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 37
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 192
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (1 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !d45a9d14
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -102.0 dBm
SNR: -9.00 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:23 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "snr_towards": [ -3.25, 5.0 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [], "route_node_names": { "2996805976": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "501865472": "m-base-x (mb-x)", "2997326444": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "2997305536": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 2461930, "timestamp": 1779170766.4305856, "from_node_id": 2997326444, "to_node_id": 501865472, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "mesh_packet_id": 3052055713, "rssi": -102, "snr": -9.0, "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 23, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a0858a19fb2c040a7b2120bf3ffffffffffffffff0114", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1779170766, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 192, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a540d6c92a7b21500dce91d18252a1f5a4bdd4257bfd6321cf1404fa047cada1cd83726cdda074813085fcbd682f035a1aceab53dcefd0b6a45000010c148015001609affffffffffffffff0178029801c001a80101120842756c67617269611a09216434356139643134", "timestamp_str": "2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC", "hop_count": 1, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "to_node_name": "m-base-x (mb-x)", "relay_hex": "c0", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 2997305536, "node_name": "Gerena (R+GW)", "hex_id": "!b2a740c0", "short_name": "GERE", "last_byte": "c0" } ], "gateway_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "gateway_location": null }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 2461930, "from_node_id": 2997326444, "to_node_id": 501865472, "timestamp": 1779170766.4305856, "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14", "raw_payload": "0a0858a19fb2c040a7b2120bf3ffffffffffffffff0114", "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "to_node_name": "!1de9dc00", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "snr_towards": [ -3.25, 5.0 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward", "node_ids": [ 2997326444, 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "node_names": [ "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)" ], "snr_values": [ -3.25, 5.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2997326444, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": -3.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 11307.95987348109, "from_location_timestamp": 1779170762.5975378, "to_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 9.6h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 5.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12597.635762800475, "from_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "to_location_timestamp": 1779147145.831937, "from_location_age_warning": "from 9.6h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 6.6h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 2 }, "return_path": null, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "forward_rf", "node_ids": [ 2997326444, 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "node_names": [ "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)" ], "snr_values": [ -3.25, 5.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2997326444, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": -3.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 11307.95987348109, "from_location_timestamp": 1779170762.5975378, "to_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 9.6h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 5.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12597.635762800475, "from_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "to_location_timestamp": 1779147145.831937, "from_location_age_warning": "from 9.6h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 6.6h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 2 } }, "has_return_path": false, "is_complete": false, "forward_path_display": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "return_path_display": null, "actual_rf_path_display": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2997326444, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ4NY Mobil 🇧🇬🚗 (MiV4)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": -3.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 11307.95987348109, "from_location_timestamp": 1779170762.5975378, "to_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 9.6h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 5.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12597.635762800475, "from_location_timestamp": 1779136039.1712067, "to_location_timestamp": 1779147145.831937, "from_location_age_warning": "from 9.6h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 6.6h ago" } ], "return_hops": [], "total_forward_distance": 23905.595636281563, "total_return_distance": null }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 2997326444, "to": 501865472, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CghYoZ+ywECnshIL8///////////ARQ=", "want_response": true, "bitfield": 3 }, "id": 3052055713, "rx_time": 1779170766, "rx_snr": -9.0, "hop_limit": 1, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -102, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 192, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2997326444, "to": 501865472, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CghYoZ+ywECnshIL8///////////ARQ=", "want_response": true, "bitfield": 3, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "snr_towards": [ -13, 20 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 3052055713, "rx_time": 1779170766, "rx_snr": -9.0, "hop_limit": 1, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -102, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 192, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }
Raw Packet Data (23 bytes)
0a0858a19fb2c040a7b2120bf3ffffffffffffffff0114
Hex Analysis:
Size:23 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
Bin Cho (BCGW) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-102.0 dBm -9.00 dB 1 c0 GERE Bulgaria 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC Current
0 hops (direct receptions) Gateways that heard the packet directly from the source
LZ1MMH-R 🇧🇬 🏠 (MMH0) +0.156s
After 		-109.0 dBm 7.50 dB 0 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC View
SofiaRedutaSG (SFRD) -0.048s
Before 		-100.0 dBm -6.00 dB 0 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC View
m-base-x (mb-x) -0.063s
Before 		-101.0 dBm 3.75 dB 0 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC View
Orthanc (8080) -0.099s
Before 		-82.0 dBm 6.50 dB 0 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC View
TheGoldTower (Gold) -0.239s
Before 		-92.0 dBm Unknown 0 6c MiV4 Bulgaria 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC View
GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) +0.019s
After 		-86.0 dBm 10.50 dB 0 6c MiV4 Bulgaria 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC View
Vitoshko Rele (VRR) -0.207s
Before 		-87.0 dBm -3.25 dB 0 6c MiV4 Bulgaria 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC View
BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) -0.110s
Before 		-61.0 dBm 13.00 dB 0 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC View
Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) -0.073s
Before 		-71.0 dBm 5.00 dB 0 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC View
BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO) -0.093s
Before 		-64.0 dBm 12.25 dB 0 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-19 06:06:06 UTC View
11

Total Receptions

11

Unique Gateways